3D Images Generated from PET/CT Scans Help Surgeons Envision Tumors

Each year 12.7 million people learn that they have cancer. Of these, 7.6 million die. The World Health Organisation predicts that by 2030 this figure will increase by 80%. Researchers from Thomas Jefferson University are developing the uses of PET/CT scans to combat this significant medical issue by providing surgeons with a means to promote the pre-operation and operation detection of cancerous entities.

The developing method uses PET – Positron Emission Tomography, a nuclear medical imaging technique. It forms an intricate 3D colour representation of various processes that are occurring in the body. The machine can detect a pair of gamma rays applied to the body usually by injecting a biologically active molecule tagged with a radioactive tracer (such as water, glucose or ammonia). This biological tracer will then go to the corresponding part of the body that requires this molecule. The techniques relies on the principle that cancerous cells use this biological molecule in different way to normal cells. Thus, allowing the pinpointing of cancerous presence.

During the initial tests the researchers built a surgical simulation of the pancreatic cancer cells from patient PET scans and contrasted this to enhanced CT scans. Six of the Jefferson surgeons were then asked to evaluate the 3D representation for accuracy, utility and applicability to actual surgical experience. The response from the surgeons was extremely positive, indicating that it allows them access to detailed anatomical structures prior to operation. The scan will peel away layers of tissue, allowing surgeons to evaluate all dimensions of the tumour, thus allowing them to further evaluate any additional risks of the surgery. Furthermore, given that the 3D image is designed to speed excision of malignant tissue and to avoid bleeding from unusually placed arteries or veins, surgeons also suggest that this method could be used to assist during the surgery itself.

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